Growing Mushroom at Home

Mushroom farming business can be mean big profits in just a few weeks. Plus, starting your own business growing oyster mushrooms for profit is fairly easy. In fact, here’s how to get started in just six easy steps
Oyster mushrooms are probably the easiest kind of mushrooms to grow. Though they are accustomed naturally to growing in wood, you also can raise oyster mushrooms in a variety of other growing media, including straw or sawdust. The easiest way to begin is with a kit/poly bag. If you want to experiment on your own, then oysters give you a greater chance of success than other mushrooms.  Mushrooms are basically fungi, which have a fleshy and spore bearing fruiting body.They have been in use not only for consumption purposes, but also for medicinal purposes, since ages there are over 14,000 types of mushrooms in the world, out of which 3,000 are edible, about 700 have known medicinal properties and around 1400 have been recognized as poisonous. In this post oyster mushroom spawn is being processed.Health Tips:Being rich in fiber, protein and Vitamin B, mushrooms help maintain a healthy metabolism. It has been found that mushroom extract helps stop migraine headaches and is beneficial for people suffering from mental illnesses, like obsessive-compulsive disorder.

• Mushrooms contain about 80 to 90 percent water.

• Mushrooms help fight against Cancer.

• Very low in calories (only 100 cal/oz) and very low sodium and fat.

• 8 to 10 percent of the dry weight is fiber. 

• An ideal food for persons following a weight management program or a diet for hypertensive.

• Mushrooms are an excellent source of potassium.

•  In fact, it is said that there is more potassium in a mushroom than a banana, Mushrooms are rich in copper, a mineral that has cardio-protective properties.

•  Oyster mushrooms are said to be useful in strengthening of veins and relaxation of the tendons.

• Mushrooms contains some very important mineral and vitamins like: Folate (Vitamin B9), Niacin (Vitamin B3) , Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5), Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), Thiamin (Vitamin B1), Vitamin B6, Copper – 0.3 mg, Iron – 0.5 mg, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Selenium. 

  

Mushroom growing steps

1. Find a dark closed room or build one providing light proof cubical/cells.

2. Create a humid environment within the celland it would be good if a temperature is maintained less than 25 degree Celsius

3. Soak straw for 12 hours.

4. Use a pressure cooker to cook it for 5-7 mints in high flame


5. Spread the soaked straw on a clean and plain surface to drain the water content.

6. Straw when used in stuffing into poly bags it should be wet and never allow to get it dry.


7. Mushroom spawns (seeds) are required to start the culture.     

8. In this image, the spawns are processed using rice grains.

9. Encircle inoculated straw as showed in the image.

10. Place the inoculated encircled straw as the first layer at the bottom-most of the poly bag. 



11. Spread the spawn along the outermost edge of the first layer of the encircled straw placed in the bag.

12. Spawn should be spread around in such a such a way that it should be visible from outside after packing. 
13. Repeat steps 9-12 until the poly bag is filled with 5-6 layers as appropriate considering the height of the bag 

14. Bags to be tied tightly from the upper most opening.

15. Use needle to poke holes on the sides of the bag every few inches. Mushrooms will grow out of these holes.

16.Hang the bag on to a stand and make use of a spray bottle with clean water to sprinkle/mist it a few times a day through the holes on the bag to keep it.
17. Mushroom starts appearing on their own at this point, or even a 40 watt bulb light need to initiate fruiting.

18. Direct sunlight may not be required, any light through ventilator is good enough.

19. The dark and cool room, should have a high level of humidity, temperature will need to be 24 to 28 degrees Celsius. Also it is good to have provisions of natural lights at least 3 hours a day. 

20. After 3 to 8 weeks, white mycelium has colonized most of the straw.

Now just enjoy! Harvest and have pest free and nutritious mushrooms

Organic vegetable Garden on Terrace

Fertile soil preparation

Homemade Compost

Pest Control

Experiment with Drip irrigation on terrace

Plantation on raised Bed

Honey Bee/ Beekeeping

Lessons learned on Carrot plantation

Lessons learned on carrot plantation

Carrots are a cool-weather vegetable. Since the seeds are of smaller in size using seedling tray would be preferable. Seedlings appeared in 2 weeks and was ready to get transplanted after showing up 3-4 leaves.

Tips

• Carrot grows well under sunlight
• Compost is better to be used as the root penetration will be easier
• Remove rocks, otherwise carrots will split, fork, and become malformed if they grow into obstructions. 
• Carrots require a soil temperature of about 40°F to germinate; germination will be slow in cold soil.
  

• Keep carrots evenly moist to ensure quick growth and ensure that it should not be submerged in too much of water.
•  Do not allow the soil to dry out. Reduce watering as roots approach maturity; too much moisture at the end of the growing time will cause roots to crack. 
•  Spread wood ash over planting beds to provide extra potassium for root growth.
• Shallow cultivation is necessary to avoid damaging the roots. Mulch carrot beds to keep soil temperatures even. 

Sappanwood - Pathimukham (Herbal Plant)

Pathimukham, Patang (Caesalpinia Sappan)

This is a herbal plant with medicinal abilities, I planted one on land and it grows 10 feets of height. In Kerala, we purify drinking water while using the  It also produces a valued type of reddish dye from it's heartwood which contains juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), also an active antimicrobial principle. Homoisoflavonoids (sappanol, episappanol, 3'-deoxysappanol, 3'-O-methylsappanol, 3'-O-methylepisappanol and sappanone A) can also be found in C. sappan.

Image was taken from the neighboring plot.The wood is somewhat lighter in color than Brazilwood and its other allies, but the same tinctorial principle appears to be common to all. Sappanwood was a major trade good during the 17th century, when it was exported from Southeast Asian nations (especially Siam) aboard red seal ships to Japan.

If “Pathimugam” is boiled in water, the water gets purified and thereby drinking this water can prevent epidemic diseases spreading through water. This material is used as an ingredient in almost all Ayurvedic medicines and because of its nature it can be used by itself as a medicine.This herbal drinking water has the ability to cure anti-thirst, used as blood purifier, anti- diabetic, improvement of complexion and several other properties.

Source: The image or heartwood is copied from other articles.

Micro Farm Setting up

Micro Farm 
An attempt and an experiment to grow organic vegetable. This should be functional by April 6. 

Also view: Drip Irrigation Planning

Landscape and Surroundings
This land is little fertile that I understood from the farmers working in adjacent locations. There is a stream adjacent to the plot.
An attempt to convert the barren land to a 
fertile land.
On the left image land with weeds and on the right side, weeds being cleared and getting it ready for vegetable plantation.

The pit is ready to prepare compost (organic). Dry leaves, weeds were chopped and dumped and covered with mud and watering it on weekends. The pit is filled now with dry leaves, weeds and watered it for decomposition.

Organic vegetable Garden on Terrace

Fertile soil preparation

Homemade Compost

Pest Control

Experiment with Drip irrigation on terrace

Plantation on raised Bed

Honey Bee/ Beekeeping

Mushroom on closed rooms

Sapodilla fruit or Cheeku in India.

Sapodilla or sapota (Chikoo) is a popular delicious fruit. Its calorie-rich soft, easily digestible pulp composes of simple sugars like fructose and sucrose that when eaten replenishes energy and revitalizes the body instantly. It is a vital source of vitamins, minerals and health benefiting anti-oxidant.

Sapota is a tropical evergreen fruit-bearing tree belongs to the family of Sapotaceae in the genus: Manilkara. Scientific name: Manilkara zapota.

Planted one and the sapling is ready to get transplanted. Since this will grow in size I plan to plant this on ground instead of in Sack.

Transplanted the plant to land since it grows in size. This sapling is now one year old.














Not sure if required water every day , since four months I am watering once in a week and still it is green. The land is 30 kms. away from where I stay. Whenever I visit the plot on weekend, I water the plant.

 Source: Image with the fruits are from different articles.

Growing Pineapple on Terrace

Pineapple known as a King of fruits. and is a good source of Vitamin A and B. Planted one top end (Crown/shoot apex) of the pineapple fruit into the soiled filled sack. I did not use any compost or fertilizer. 
May be the soil I used was fertile enough that it could fetch me a good size fruit.

Organic vegetable Garden on Terrace

Fertile soil preparation

Homemade Compost

Pest Control

Experiment with Drip irrigation on terrace

Plantation on raised Bed

Honey Bee/ Beekeeping

Mushroom on closed rooms

Fruit Benefits

1. Eating pineapple benefits in strengthening tooth gums
2. Beta- carotene present in it is good for eye sight

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Growing Cucumber on terrace

A Cucumber with its diverse variety is one among those healthy vegetables. In my blog there are articles on cucumber plantation and images. Since I never expected a very healthy and moderately large size cucumber can be grown on roof top I am sharing this in this post.
Cucumbers are scientifically known as Cucumis sativus and belong to the same botanical family as melons (including watermelon and cantaloupe) and squashes (including summer squash, winter squash, zucchini and pumpkin). Commercial production of cucumbers is usually divided into two types.

I was surprised how this could grow in bigger size as compared to my experiments did before.

I could find that the floor of the roof had some mud and algae, hope which supported the plants' root at each node and probably that might have helped the cucumber to grow in bigger size.


Generally in a cucumber plant, at each node, there is a leaf, a flower, a fruit, a tendril and root.

Organic vegetable Garden on Terrace

Fertile soil preparation

Homemade Compost

Pest Control

Experiment with Drip irrigation on terrace

Plantation on raised Bed

Honey Bee/ Beekeeping

Mushroom on closed rooms

Spinach or Palak Plantation

Spinach is one of the most vitamin-rich plants. Spinach does best when growing in moist, nitrogen-rich soil. Brought to India by Arab traders.

Harvest

Thanks to Monsoon in Kerala. Fresh Indian Spinach was harvested from 25 pots.

Plant was transplanted from another pot. Plant grew in size to harvest in a months time. This plant require moderate sunlight and the soil should be moisturized in stipulated time periods. 

Seed

Spinach plants form a deep taproot; for best growth, loosen the soil at least 1 foot deep before planting.

Seedlings

Seeds were sown in a clay pot and then after 14 days this was transplanted to smaller pots and bags.

Organic vegetable Garden on Terrace

Fertile soil preparation

Homemade Compost

Pest Control

Experiment with Drip irrigation on terrace

Plantation on raised Bed

Honey Bee/ Beekeeping

Mushroom on closed rooms

Nutritious Value of Indian Spinach 

• Spinach is a rich source of vitamin A and reduces the risk of eye diseases.
• Consuming this in a regular diet brings the blood pressure down to normal levels.
• Can be used to prevent and treat many cardiovascular diseases like hyperlipidemia, heart failure, hypertension and coronary heart diseases as it strengthens the heart muscles, allowing the blood to be pumped to all parts of the body.
• Spinach is rich in minerals like manganese, copper, magnesium, zinc and phosphorus which help in building strong bones and lowering the chances of osteoporosis.
• Studies show that spinach lowers the cancer risk by 34%.
• It is advisable for pregnant women to include spinach in their regular diet as folate found in it is needed by the growing fetus for development of a new nervous system.
•  Helps in loosing weight.
• Improves the quality of the sperm.
• Can help cure constipation.

Organic Terrace Vegetable gardening

Planted four tomato saplings, this one being a different category/breed, that grew in heights, so had to provide some support to hold the Plant with its fruit.

Organic vegetable Garden on Terrace

Fertile soil preparation

Homemade Compost

Pest Control

Experiment with Drip irrigation on terrace

Plantation on raised Bed

Honey Bee/ Beekeeping

Mushroom on closed rooms

Brinjal or an egg plant with seven fruits at a time in a single Plant.

Long beans plant could produce 20 beans in a single plant in a span of 30 days

 Planted Long green eggplant, however the fruit that showed up was a cross-breed of a long and a round eggplant. Believe it might be the result of a cross-pollination, since there was a violet round eggplant very next to this one.

Snake Gourd Plantation

This was my second attempt in planting snake gourd. First time when I planted, it was attacked by worms and other pests, this time I took more care from the stage of sapling itself.

Ideally the gourd grows to one meter long, this one in the image is hardly half a meter in length. Planted four plants and got a harvest of ten gourds.  Among that two got infected by small flies.

The pattern of the gourd looks like the snakes skin.

First baby gourd appeared in 15 days. it grows from the plants node. 

Climbers needs support of net or any structure so that plant can grow in height.

Tied with a small stone at the bottom of the gourd to gain more length.

Every day needs to check the gourd and other parts of plant to ensure that it is not affected by any pests. Small flies or mosquito may sting the gourd and then later you may not notice, but will find worms inside the gourd when you cut open it.

Wonderful vegetable, the gourd pattern and shape looks exactly like a snake.

Nutrients:

Snake gourd consist of humidity and little protein, fiber, fat and carbohydrate .Its mineral and vitamins contents are calcium, iron, phosphorus, substantial amount of carotene, little thiamine, riboflavin and niacin.

Healthy Benefits:

• Has a cooling effect on the body
• Low in calories, fat-free, and great to restrain in weight-loss menus.
• A lot of fibers which can help maintain your digestive region healthy.
• The fiber is also helpful for those with diabetes.
• A good resource of minerals like magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus.
• Helps inspire the production of body fluids, relieving dryness.
• The juice of the fresh leaves of snake gourd is useful in the disorders of the heart like palpitation and pain in the heart on physical effort.
• Snake gourd roots, on the other hand, provide as tonic and purgative. While its juice works as a strong purgative, a dried fruit combination would be a milder purgative that helps indigestion.
• Has been found effective in treating dandruff. The juice should be massaged into the scalp. This is an easy home remedy for dandruff.
• Snake gourd leaves have been found useful in jaundice (hepatitis). 
• Snake gourd leaves are helpful as a purgative and emetic in constipated children, while its fresh juice works on poorly children through early mornings.
• The juice of snake gourd leaves is helpful in treating alopecia, as well, a scalp sickness that results in partial or total baldness.
• Bad about Snake gourd, its seeds and ripe fruit are laxatives, though, so they might source indigestion if eaten as food.

Guar Plant (Beans, Amarekka)

Planted four saplings and that grew in heights, approximately seven foot tall. This is the first time I tried to grow this plant. Once happened to see a few articles on Guar Seeds as generating good revenues which is being used as raw-materials in different industries  Please check below site;
Guar Plantation in North west part of India.





Beans plant looks sombre (may be just to me), but I like the taste of it when you fry it with minimum ingredients like garlic, ginger and a pinch of pepper.

From Article: Guar Gum is an important ingredient in producing food emulsifier, food additive, food thickener and other guargum products. India is the largest producer of guar gum products. Its guar gum exporters, guar gum manufacturers, guar gum products suppliers, food emulsifier exporter have reached to many countries and today there is a lot of demand for Indian guar gum products, food additives, food thickener and other allied guar gum products.

Guar gum is often crosslinked with boron or chromium ions to make it more stable and heat-resistant. The crosslinking of guar with metal ions results in a linear gel that does not block the formation and helps efficiently in formation cleaning process. The borate–guar reaction is reversible, and depends on the pH (hydrogen ion concentration) of the solution. Crosslinking of guar with borate occurs at high pH (approximately 9–10) of the solution. Guar gum has also proven a useful substitute for locust bean gum (made from carob seeds).

Reaching Out to Heights

Never expected the plant to grow in heights, so reaching out to pluck out beans.

Organic vegetable Garden on Terrace

Fertile soil preparation

Homemade Compost

Pest Control

Experiment with Drip irrigation on terrace

Plantation on raised Bed

Honey Bee/ Beekeeping

Mushroom on closed rooms

Growing Banana

India has multiple varieties of cultivation grown throughout the country. Dwarf Cavendish and Robusta are well-adopted commercial bananas owing to high yield, ability to withstand wind, short duration and high economic returns/unit area. Rasakathali is significant in commercial production, especially for excellent quality fruits. Nendran is an important banana in Kerala and Tamil Nadu. 

Organic vegetable Garden on Terrace

Fertile soil preparation

Homemade Compost

Pest Control

Experiment with Drip irrigation on terrace

Plantation on raised Bed

Honey Bee/ Beekeeping

Mushroom on closed rooms

Within the courtyard if you can grow a banana plant/tree it will not give you much shade or much fruits.

One plant takes six to ten months to fetch you with fruit.

In Malyalam language raw friut is called 'Vazhakka'
it is called 'Vazha Pazham' went it is ripe.

Banana fruit with the flower, every part of it is used for varied dishes.

In between the petals of the flower it also has sweet (honey).

Plantation in Northern part of India

Being excited to see and experience vegetations in Northern part of India, visited the state of Rajasthan and Punjab, could not travel extensively, however could visit few places and so sharing few images.

The fertile plains of Punjab boast of producing about two-third of the food grains produced annually in India. This state is blessed with climatic differences which results in a variety of soil and henceforth into a wide range of crops and vegetation

South-western Punjab is mainly dominated by calcareous soil which includes desert soil and sierozem soil. The pH value in this zone ranges from 7.8 to 8.5 and also have grey and red desert soil, calsisol soil, regosol soil and alluvial soil. The soil of central Punjab ranges from sandy loam to clayey with pH value from 7.8 to 8.5 making alkalinity and salinity problematic for this place. The alluvial soil of this zone can be widely described as arid and brown soil or tropical arid brown soil. The soil in Eastern Punjab is loamy to clayey.

Organic vegetable Garden on Terrace

Fertile soil preparation

Homemade Compost

Pest Control

Experiment with Drip irrigation on terrace

Plantation on raised Bed

Honey Bee/ Beekeeping

Mushroom on closed rooms

Punjab is rightly called India's bread-basket for its huge production of wheat. The other main vegetables and fruits grown in abundance in the state of Punjab are potatoes, chilies, oranges, pomegranates, apples, peaches, figs, mulberries, apricots, almonds, plums, mangoes, grapes, pears, litchis and lemons. Sugarcane, maize and cotton are grown in abundance in Punjab as well as barley, millet, oil-seeds, carrots, peas, beans, onions, turnips, cucumbers, and melons. Scorching heat during the summer months sometimes destroy the vegetation but with the downpour by south-west monsoon the entire land returns to its lush green color.